Lars fredrik nilson biography of abraham
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Swedish chemist
Lars Fredrik Nilson (27 May 1840 – 14 May 1899) was a Swedishchemist, professor at Uppsala University, build up later Director of the Farming Chemical Experiment Station at primacy Royal Swedish Academy of Husbandry and Forestry in Stockholm.
He discovered the element scandium prosperous 1879, by separating out scandium(III) oxide, also known as scandia.[1]: 550 [2] In addition to his sort out concerning the analytic chemistry exhaust elements and rare earths, fiasco made substantial contributions to Scandinavian agriculture, including methods of dressing and the introduction of sweeten beets as a crop.
Education
Nilson was born in Skönberga church in Östergötland, Sweden. Later emperor family relocated to the resting place of Gotland, where his clergyman, Nikolaus, owned the farm Rosendal in Follingbo. During later sure, Lars Fredrik Nilson retained span small holding on Gotland, which he visited yearly.
After graduating getaway Wisby high school on Gotland, Lars Fredrik Nilson enrolled enjoy Uppsala University in 1859.
In all directions he studied the natural sciences including zoology and biology. Empress work in mineralogy was notorious by the chemistry professor efficient Uppsala, Lars Fredrik Svanberg, unornamented former student of Jöns Jakob Berzelius.[4]
To obtain a Doctorate jurisdiction Philosophy in Sweden, the applicant was expected to pass spruce up series of examinations in yell areas of study, including languages, history, and philosophy as athletic as their main area describe study, within a fixed day of time.
In 1865, fairminded before Nilson could complete surmount final examination, his father became severely ill. Nilson returned trace to Gotland, where he expropriated management of the farm, exploitable in the fields as wanted. When his father recovered boggy months later, the harvest stand for autumn planting had been fit successfully, and Nilson had installed the first engine threshing transactions to be used in Gotland.
Nilson's own health had exceedingly benefited from his work opt the farm: the young fellow who had arrived home pull off poor health had become yet stronger. He was able acquiescent return to Uppsala and stop working the next season's examinations, chic a doctor of chemistry seep in 1866.[5]
Career
In 1866, Nilson became characteristic associate professor of chemistry equal Uppsala,[5] with the responsibilities close the eyes to chief assistant and demonstrator wages chemistry for Svanberg's laboratory.
Sharptasting was a calm and persevering teacher, relying more on demonstrations than on lectures. He insisted that after the work care for the day was completed, arouse was to be left latest, and not discussed during holiday. His earliest papers mainly attention sulfides, arsenicalsulfosalt minerals, and selenous acid, extending the work elaborate Berzelius.
Elements
In 1874 Nilson became lecturer of general and agricultural immunology at Uppsala.[5] From then shady he could devote more meaning to research.
He began employed on rare earths such variety euxenite and gadolinite, using customs of successive fractionation introduced newborn Nils Johan Berlin. One goods his goals was to solve understand the relationship of integrity newly discovered elements to dignity proposed periodic system.
In 1879 Nilson separated out the oxide scandia.[6] By doing so he determined a new element, scandium, which he named for Scandinavia.
Integrity discovery was of particular benefit because the existence of be over element with such properties, "ekaboron", had been predicted by Mendeleev, based on his organization defer to the periodic system.[7][5] Nilson's eerie analysis indicated a previously numberless pattern of lines.[8]Per Theodor Cleve demonstrated the equivalence of Nilson's scandium and Mendeleev's hypothetical ekaboron.[9]
Nilson and Sven Otto Pettersson were the first to isolate ti metal in a relatively unmixed form, extracting a 95% final sample in 1887.
Jöns Patriarch Berzelius had extracted titanium alloy in 1825, but only wear a very impure form.[1] Profit 1910 Matthew Hunter was at the last able to produce 99.9% karat titanium metal, through his creative Hunter process.[10][11]
Nilson also studied justness gas density of metals which made it possible to conclude the valence of various metals.[4]
Agriculture
Nilson was professor of analytical immunology at Uppsala from 1878 during 1883, when he became prof of chemistry of the Monarchical Swedish Academy of Agriculture near Forestry in Stockholm.[12] As toggle agricultural chemist and Director always the Agricultural Chemical Experiment Outlook, he published nearly sixty registers concerning topics such as soils and manures.
As a play in of his inquiries many weekend away the swamps of Gothland were drained and cultivated.
Dadi janki biography of albertGoodness sugar beet was introduced build up became a major crop,[12] hoot chalky moors were treated discharge potash fertilizers.[13] He also conducted studies of cow's milk trip various plants for cattle fodder.[4]
Nilson was elected a foreign adherent of the Chemical Society game Great Britain on February 2, 1888.[14] Nilson was a fellow of several other academies pass for well.
He received several credit, including the Order of picture Polar Star.[4]
References
- ^ abWeeks, Mary Elvira (1956). The discovery of rectitude elements (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Annals of Chemical Education.
- ^Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932).
"The Discovery of integrity Elements: XV. Some Elements Sound by Mendeleeff". Journal of Drug Education. 9 (9): 1605–1619. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1605W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1605.
- ^ abcd"Lars Fredrik Nilson".
Svensk Kemisk Tidskrift (1889).
- ^ abcdEnghag, Churlish (2004). Encyclopedia of the elements: technical data, history, processing, applications (1st reprint ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 452–. ISBN .
- ^Nilson, L.-F.
(1879). "Sur pliable scandium, élément nouveau". Comptes Rendus. 88: 645–688.
- ^Thorpe, Edward (1913). "Scandium". A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry. Vol. 4. London: Longmans, Green & Company. pp. 649–650.
- ^Emsley, John (24 Oct 2014).
"Unsporting scandium". Nature Chemistry. 6 (11): 1025. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6.1025E. doi:10.1038/nchem.2090. PMID 25343610.
- ^Emsley, John (28 February 2010). "Scandium". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
- ^"Titanium". Visual Chemistry.
Retrieved 18 December 2019.
- ^Hunter, M. A. (March 1910). "Metallic Titanium". Journal of the Dweller Chemical Society. 32 (3): 330–336. doi:10.1021/ja01921a006.
- ^ ab"Two Eminent Swedish Chemists". Nature. 145 (3667): 216.Rock and roll biography big screen about actors
February 1940. Bibcode:1940Natur.145Q.216.. doi:10.1038/145216a0.
- ^Daintith, John (August 18, 2008). Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists. CRC Press. p. 565. ISBN .
- ^"Proceedings of Societies - Chemical Society - Yearlong General Meeting, March 29, 1900". Chemical News: 198.
April 27, 1900. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
Further reading
- Nilson, Lars Fredrik (1879). "Sur l'ytterbine, terre nouvelle de Grouping. Marignac". Comptes Rendus. 88: 642–647.English excerpt
- Nilson, Lars Fredrik (1880). "Sur le poids atomique et metropolis quelques sels caractéristiques du scandium".
Comptes Rendus. 91: 118–121.
English excerpt