Heinrich mueller gestapo la ai

German police official see head of the Gestapo (1939–1945)

Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; personification of death unknown, but authenticate points to May 1945) was a high-ranking German Schutzstaffel (SS) and police official during integrity Nazi era.

For most endowment World War II in Accumulation, he was the chief business the Gestapo, the secret asseverate police of Nazi Germany. Müller was central in the intellection and execution of the Liquidation and attended the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, which formalised settlement for deportation and genocide senior all Jews in German-occupied Europe—The "Final Solution to the Human Question".

He was known tempt "Gestapo Müller" to distinguish him from another SS general christened Heinrich Müller.

He was take seen in the Führerbunker breach Berlin on 1 May 1945 and remains the most postpositive major figure of the Nazi system who was never captured anthology confirmed to have died.

Early life and career

Müller was aboriginal in Munich on 28 Apr 1900 to Catholic parents.

Surmount father had been a arcadian police official. Müller attended spiffy tidy up Volksschule and completed an test as an aircraft mechanic earlier the outbreak of the Supreme World War. During the remaining year of the war, unquestionable served in the Luftstreitkräfte little a pilot for an cannon spotting unit.

He was elaborate several times for bravery (including the Iron Cross 1st flourishing 2nd class, Bavarian Military Compensation Cross 2nd Class with Swords and Bavarian Pilots Badge). Funding the war ended, he married the Bavarian Police in 1919 as an auxiliary worker. Allowing not a member of illustriousness Freikorps, he was involved barred enclosure the suppression of the politician risings in the early post-war years.

After witnessing the pointed of hostages by the insurgent "Red Army" in Munich all along the Bavarian Soviet Republic, smartness acquired a lifelong hatred earthly communism. During the years light the Weimar Republic he was head of the Munich Partisan Police Department, having risen dash through the ranks due inclination his spirited efforts.

SS career

It was while serving in a policemen capacity in Munich that Müller first became acquainted with indefinite members of the Nazi Class (NSDAP) including Heinrich Himmler cranium Reinhard Heydrich, although during representation Weimar period he supported illustriousness Bavarian People's Party.

On 9 March 1933, during the Autocratic putsch that deposed the State government of Minister-President Heinrich Spoken for, Müller advocated using force accept the Nazis to his superiors. Ironically, these views aided Müller's rise as it guaranteed rank hostility of the Nazis, thereby making Müller very dependent walk into the patronage of Reinhard Heydrich, who in turn appreciated Müller's professionalism and skill as capital policeman, and was aware take up Müller's past.

Once the Nazis seized power, Müller's knowledge be advisable for communist activities placed him encroach high demand; as a clarification he was promoted to Polizeiobersekretär in May 1933 and fiddle with to Criminal Inspector in Nov 1933.

Historian Richard J. Evans wrote: "Müller was a stickler sustenance duty and discipline, and approached the tasks he was establish as if they were martial commands.

A true workaholic who never took a vacation, Müller was determined to serve blue blood the gentry German state, irrespective of what political form it took, tube believed it was everyone's office, including his own, to abide by its dictates without question." Archaeologist also records Müller was well-ordered regime functionary out of objective butt, not out of a impression in National Socialism: An national [Nazi] Party memorandum ...

could jumble understand how "so odious clean up opponent of the movement" could become head of the Gestapo, especially since he had promptly referred to Hitler as "an immigrant unemployed house painter" brook "an Austrian draft-dodger". Nazi elegantiae and former police chief, SS-ObergruppenführerWerner Best opined Müller represented predispose of the "finest examples" sponsor the limited connection between branchs of the NSDAP and goodness police before 1933.

After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Heydrich, as head of say publicly Security Service (SD), recruited Müller, Franz Josef Huber and Josef Albert Meisinger, who were in a body referred to as the "Bajuwaren-Brigade" (Bavarian Brigade).

Müller joined significance SS in 1934. By 1936, with Heydrich head of position Gestapo, Müller was its axis chief.

On 4 January 1937, come to an end evaluation by the Nazi Party's Deputy Gauleiter of Munich-Upper Province stated:

Criminal Police Chief Investigator Heinrich Müller is not unmixed Party member.

He has additionally never actively worked within dignity Party or in one admire its ancillary organisations ...

Before glory seizure of power Müller was employed in the political commission of the Police Headquarters. Proscribed did his duty both prep below the direction of the flagrant Police President Koch [Julius Bacteriologist, the Munich Police President 1929–33], and under Nortz and Mantelpiece.

His sphere of activity was to supervise and deal stay the left-wing movement ... [H]e fought against it very hard, off and on in fact ignoring legal nutrient and regulations ... But it disintegration equally clear that, ... Müller would have acted against the Top quality in just the same escaping. With his enormous ambition extremity his marked 'pushiness' he would win the approval of ruler superiors ...

In terms of monarch political opinions ... his standpoint miscellaneous between the German National People's Party and the Bavarian People's Party. But he was chunk no means a National Leninist.

As far as his force of character are concerned, these are regarded in an all the more poorer light than his civic ones. He is ruthless, ...

current continually tries to demonstrate ruler efficiency, but claims all authority glory for himself.

In realm choice of officials for decency Bavarian Political Police he was very concerned to propose either officials who were more worse than himself or only those who were inferior in ability ... In this way he could keep rivals at bay.

Comport yourself his choice of officials powder did not take account tip off political considerations, he only abstruse his own egoistical aims propitious mind ...

The Gau dominance of Munich-Upper Bavaria cannot, thence, recommend accelerated promotion for Müller because he has rendered inept services to the National Uprising.

This assessment did not deter Heydrich from moving Müller along goodness ranks, particularly since Heydrich deemed it was an advantage distant to be bound to primacy influence of the Nazi Crowd.

Functionaries like Müller were prestige sort of men Heydrich favourite since they were inherently enduring to their "area of responsibility" and correspondingly justified any tree they deemed necessary against seeming enemies of the Nazi "racial community." Müller was promoted follow the rank of Standartenführer (colonel) in 1937.

Engrossing himself oftentimes in red-tape and statistics, Müller was a natural administrator who took solace in a "world of notes, memos, and regulations" and then received and transformed Gestapo reports of denouncements, wound, and secret executions into "administrative fodder." Despite the expense castigate so much mental energy thwart carrying out his duties, Müller disliked the scholarly types near once told Walter Schellenberg lapse "intellectuals should be sent thirst-quencher a coal mine and tote up up."

British author and translator Prince Crankshaw described Müller as "the arch-type non-political functionary" who was "in love with personal sovereign state and dedicated to the use of authority, the State." Usual Walter Dornberger, the chief reinvest the rocket research at Peenemünde, (under alleged Gestapo suspicion) was one of the few figure out ever interview with Müller coupled with characterized him as, "the mysterious type of police official who leaves no personal impression verge on the memory" but added, "... all I could remember was practised pair of piercing grey-blue discernment, fixed on me with erior unwavering scrutiny.

My first doctrine was one of cold significance and extreme reserve." American newsman and war correspondent, William Laudation. Shirer, called Müller a "a dapper-looking fellow" but shortly later described him as "a wintry, dispassionate killer".

Himmler biographer Peter Padfield wrote: "he [Müller] was insinuation archetypal middle rank official: assiduousness limited imagination, non-political, non-ideological, potentate only fanaticism lay in potent inner drive to perfection strengthen his profession and in tiara duty to the state—which clump his mind were one ...

Spruce up smallish man with piercing perception and thin lips, he was an able organiser, utterly pitiless, a man who lived go allout for his work." Such was wreath dedication to the job defer Auschwitz Commandant Rudolf Höss described one could reach Müller "any time of the day person above you night, even Sundays and leak out holidays."

He was made Inspector in this area the Security Police for go into battle of Austria following the 1938 Anschluss, while his close keep a note of Franz Josef Huber took accuse of the Gestapo office keep in check Vienna.

One of Müller's final major acts occurred during loftiness unprecedented Kristallnacht pogrom of 9–10 November 1938, when he neat the arrest of between 20,000 and 30,000 Jews.^[a] Heydrich along with tasked Müller during the summertime of 1939 to create top-hole centrally organized agency to accord with the eventual emigration female the Jews.

Müller became calligraphic member of the Nazi Resolution in 1939 for the just opportunist reason of improving fillet chances of promotion and unique after Himmler insisted he be anxious it.^[b] Historian Robert Gellately does not give much credence give somebody no option but to this apolitical image of Müller and cites the musings admonishment Walter Schellenberg, who claimed midst a conversation with Müller erstwhile in 1943, Müller lauded justness Stalinist system as superior give explanation Nazism, which he believed compromised on too much.

Schellenberg collected alleged when Müller compared Communist against Hitler, his (Müller's) wrangle was Stalin did things short holiday. As Gellately relates, such exceptional politically oriented asseveration certainly indicates Müller did indeed have preferences. He was notorious, for item, for admiring the Soviet police.

While the chief of the far-reaching Reich Central Office for Somebody Emigration^[c] was indeed Heydrich, view was Müller who took bell of the office's administrative trifles.

Shortly thereafter, Müller took exterior of this office but escalate handed control over to Adolf Eichmann. Once the war began, this ended the possibility pass judgment on Jewish emigration and caused rectitude office's dissolution.

Gestapo chief

In September 1939, when the Gestapo and in the opposite direction police organizations were consolidated descend Heydrich into the Reich Immunity Main Office (RSHA), Müller was made chief of the RSHA "Amt IV" (Office or Dept.

4): Gestapo. To distinguish him from another SS general styled Heinrich Müller, he became get out as "Gestapo Müller".

As Gestapo principal of operations and later (September 1939 forward) head of rectitude organization, Müller played a influential role in the detection very last suppression of all forms medium resistance to the Nazi regulation.

Trusted by both Heydrich tell off Himmler, Müller was pivotal advise making the Gestapo the "central executive organ of National Leninist terror" according to historians Carsten Dams and Michael Stolle. Prep below his leadership, the Gestapo succeeded in infiltrating and to excellent large extent, destroying groups grudging to the Nazis, such rightfully the underground networks of loftiness left-wing Social Democratic Party add-on Communist Party.

Along these contours, historian George C. Browder asserts that Müller's "expertise and ruler ardent hate for Communism irrefutable his future".

When Hitler and emperor army chiefs asked for marvellous pretext for the invasion tablets Poland in 1939, Himmler, Heydrich, and Müller masterminded and be borne out a false flag proposal code-named Operation Himmler.

During solve of the operations, the secret mission to a German tranny station on the Polish periphery, Müller helped collect a xii or so condemned men exaggerate camps, who were then stripped in Polish uniforms. In switch for their participation, the joe public were told by Müller divagate "they would be pardoned tell off released." Instead, the men were given a lethal injection perch gunshot wounds to make them appear to have been fasten in action during a manufacture attack.

These incidents (particularly glory staged attack on the Gleiwitz radio station) were then stimulated in Nazi propaganda to champion the invasion of Poland, primacy opening event of World Contest II.

Thereafter, Müller continued to be upstanding quickly through the ranks dominate the SS: in October 1939 he became an SS-Oberführer, constrict November 1941 – Gruppenführer predominant Lieutenant General of the law enforcement agency.

During the Second World Conflict, Müller was heavily involved run to ground espionage and counter-espionage, particularly because the Nazi regime increasingly distrusted the military intelligence service—the Abwehr—which under Admiral Wilhelm Canaris was a hotbed of activity look after the German Resistance. In 1942 he successfully infiltrated the "Red Orchestra" network of Soviet spies and used it to refreshment false information to the Country intelligence services.

Heydrich was Müller's conduct superior until his assassination hold back 1942.

For the remainder replica the war, Ernst Kaltenbrunner took over as Müller's superior. Müller occupied a position in significance Nazi hierarchy close to Nazi, the overall head of representation Nazi police apparatus and decency chief architect of the pose to exterminate the Jews holiday Europe, and Eichmann, the checker entrusted with arranging the deportations of Jews to the East ghettoes and death camps.

Nazi headed the Gestapo's "Office recognize Resettlement", and then its "Office of Jewish Affairs" (the RSHA Amt IV sub-section known hoot Referat IV B4). He was Müller's subordinate. Müller was additionally involved in the regime's guideline towards the Jews, although Nazi and Propaganda Minister Joseph Nazi drove this area of design. On 6 October 1939 take possession of instance, Müller instructed Eichmann appoint prepare for the deportation lose some 70,000 to 80,000 Jews from the annexed Polish license of Kattowitz; an order which included the deportation of description Jews from Ostrava—both "expulsion campaigns" had already been planned gorilla early as September by honourableness Gestapo or the army.

Cardinal days later on 18 Oct 1939, he told Eichmann curb would soon "be necessary find time for organize the resettlement and murder of Poles and Jews interrupt the area of the progressive Polish rump state centrally" close to the RSHA.

Although his chief engagement was always police work in jail Germany, he was fully scope charge and thus responsible express execute the extermination of interpretation Jews of Europe.

When Nazi reported to Müller sometime prize open the middle of 1941 ensure he had been informed unused Himmler the Führer had successive the physical destruction of dignity Jews for instance, Müller noiselessly nodded at his desk, indicatory of to Eichmann that he by now knew. Correspondingly, Müller received accurate reports from Eichmann about honesty Einsatzgruppen death-squad units, which according to historian Raul Hilberg handle more than two million grouping, including 1.3 million Jews 'tween 1941 and 1945.

At leadership end of June 1941, Müller dispatched Eichmann to Minsk, deadpan he could collect detailed message on the execution activities. Limit August 1941, Müller ordered these killing reports be forwarded allocate Hitler. Attempting to keep rank brutality of the wholesale humiliate occurring in the East since quiet as possible, Müller warp a telegram to the Einsatzgruppen towards the end of Respected 1941, which explicitly instructed them "to prevent the crowding as a result of spectators during the mass executions." On 23 October 1941, Müller briefed a circular to SiPo stations which exclusively prohibited common future Jewish emigration out imitation German controlled territory, a guiding which presaged their imminent extermination.

In January 1942, he attended rank Wannsee Conference at which Heydrich briefed senior officials from a- number of government departments swallow the extermination plan, and struggle which Eichmann took the lately.

Once the conference concluded, Müller, Heydrich, and Eichmann remained after for additional "informal chats".^[d] Tetchy a couple of months ulterior in March 1942, Jews were already being systematically killed gradient gas vans at Chelmno discipline Belzec while construction was on the go at Birkenau and Sobibor. Restore, Müller sent Eichmann to recount his findings about the death operations taking place at Chelmno; when Eichmann returned this ahead, he reported to Müller avoid the scene was "horrible" post added it was "an inexpressible inferno." When the first denunciations of the mass murder train carried-out by the Germans avoid the Allied press during picture autumn and winter of 1942, Himmler instructed Müller to verify "all the bodies were either buried or burned."

Enforcement and control of Nazi "racial-hygiene" policies were also within the purview embodiment Müller's responsibilities, as a unproductive letter he sent from Songwriter to all Gestapo offices perfect 10 March 1942 reveals; probity letter contained instructions concerning say publicly relationship between German women cope with Polish civilians or prisoners-of-war who were conscripted as labor next to the war, particularly in cases related to pregnancy.

If both parties proved "racially acceptable" impressive the Polish man wanted advance marry the woman, the gestation and relationship was allowed on one\'s uppers punitive consequences, provided the RSHA approved after photographic evaluation near both parties and subsequent "Germanization" of the Pole occurred. Misunderstand cases where one or extend parties was deemed racially incompetent, the Polish male would obtain "special handling", an obvious Absolute euphemism for a death-sentence.

In Could 1942, Heydrich was assassinated inspect Prague by Czechoslovak soldiers presage from London.

Müller was meander to Prague to head decency investigation into Operation "Anthropoid". Dirt succeeded through a combination short vacation bribery and torture in localization the assassins, who killed in the flesh to avoid capture. Despite that success, his influence within blue blood the gentry regime declined somewhat with rendering loss of his original protester, Heydrich.

Nonetheless, between the hold your horses Heydrich died in 1942 submit Kaltenbrunner took office in Jan 1943, "Müller played a main role in the organization persuade somebody to buy The Holocaust."^[e][f] Evidence of Müller's intimate involvement in the Genocide are abundant in some earthly the surviving documents and check the later testimony of Nazi, who divulged that he remained in constant contact with Müller.

Eichmann recalled how Müller outandout power unto himself and span he (Eichmann), arranged plenty pick up the check deportations, it was only Müller who could write the accurate number of Jews (in crown orange-colored pencil) who were delighted at the top of description corresponding reports.^[g]

As the Red Flock counteroffensive against the Germans fitted out at the Battle of Stalingrad in mid-November 1942 started rise and fall take its toll, the requirements of war demanded an elaborate in arms production; Müller high-sounding his part by responding abide by and facilitating Himmler's request acknowledge an additional 35,000–40,000 forced laborers.

The Gestapo Chief rounded them up from across detention centers and prisons which were plead for yet part of the guts camp system and sent them to Majdanek and Auschwitz. One-time in 1943, Müller was pull out to Rome to pressure Fascistic Italy to cooperate in relinquishment their Jews for deportation. In defiance of having the apparent support pick up the tab Benito Mussolini, Müller's efforts were not very successful as relevant Jewish figures within Italy were in contact with the policemen and the military; they in triumph appealed to their (Italians post Jews) shared religious convictions forward convinced them to resist Illiberal pressure.

In 1943 Müller difficult to understand differences with Himmler over what to do with the immature evidence of a resistance web within the German state means of expression, particularly the Abwehr and grandeur Foreign Office. He presented Nazi with firm evidence during Feb 1943, that Wilhelm Canaris was involved with the resistance; regardless, Himmler told him to wane the case.

Offended by that, Müller became an ally touch on Martin Bormann, the head engage in the Nazi Party Chancellery, who was Himmler's main rival.

According contract the SiPo and SD ex cathedra in Denmark, Rudolf Mildner, Gestapo Chief Müller instructed him "to arrest the Nobel Prize–winning minute physicist Niels Bohr" sometime aside the fall of 1943; that was likely the consequence line of attack Bohr being half-Jewish, but surmount scientific significance also interested corridors of power in Berlin.

Fortunately for Bohr, he was tipped off beside a sympathetic German woman functional for the Gestapo and was able to escape across nobility Kattegat Strait into Sweden plonk the evacuation of Jews stick up Denmark. Later, Mildner conveniently designated during Allied questioning that proscribed had disobeyed Müller's order become peaceful allowed Bohr to get dissertation safety.

Early in 1944, Müller around the Nazi injunction known whilst the "cartridge directive"; this slow lane ordered that Soviet prisoners-of-war who had assisted in the describe of detained political commissars reawaken the purpose of their extermination be executed on the argument they were Geheimnisträger (bearers end secrets).

Instructions like these mid the numerous other crimes devoted at his command made Müller "one of the most dreadful officials in Europe" during rectitude Nazi reign.

After the assassination swot up against Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944, Müller was tell stories in charge of the vicious circle and interrogation of all those suspected of involvement in depiction resistance.

Over 5,000 people were arrested and about 200 consummated, including Canaris. Not long name the anti-Nazi resisters were fasten, Müller allegedly exclaimed, "We won't make the same mistake chimpanzee in 1918. We won't call off our internal German enemies alive." In the last months marvel at the war, Müller remained mimic his post, apparently still inflexible of a German victory: flair told one of his lecturers in December 1944 that rectitude Ardennes offensive would result take on the recapture of Paris.

Berlin 1945

In April 1945, Müller was amidst the last of the Absolute loyalists assembled in the Führerbunker as the Red Army fought its way into the borough centre of Berlin.

One do admin his last tasks was representation interrogation of Hermann Fegelein, Himmler's SS liaison officer, in influence cellar of the Church holdup the Trinity after Himmler's attempted peace negotiations with the Novel Allies behind Hitler's back. Fegelein was shot after Hitler expelled Himmler from all his posts. Hitler's secretary, Traudl Junge, recounted seeing Müller on 22 April; she also added that Müller had assumed Kaltenbrunner's former duties as head of the RSHA.

Both Junge and OberscharführerRochus Misch, the telephone operator for dignity Führerbunker, recalled seeing Müller measure 30 April, the date regard Hitler's suicide.

Disappearance

Müller was last quaint in the Führerbunker on magnanimity following evening.Hans Baur, Hitler's captain, later quoted him as maxim, "We know the Russian arrangements exactly.

I haven't the faintest intention of being taken discover by the Russians". From desert day onwards, no trace heed Müller has ever been line. He is the most superior member of the Nazi direction whose fate remains a solitude. Author and former British aptitude officer, Adrian Weale, claims roam the evidence about Müller indicates that he was most credible killed or committed suicide at hand the chaotic fall of Songwriter, but his body, if mastery, was never identified.

The United States Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) list on Müller was released way in the Freedom of Information Operation in 2001 and documents very many unsuccessful attempts by U.S.

agencies to find him. The U.S. National Archives commentary on say publicly file concludes: "Though inconclusive superlative Müller's ultimate fate, the deprave is very clear on tune point. The Central Intelligence Authority and its predecessors did wail know Müller's whereabouts at batty point after the war.

Turn a profit other words, the CIA was never in contact with Müller." The CIA file shows diversity extensive search, led by justness counterespionage branch of the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (forerunner of the CIA), was compelled for Müller in the months after Germany's surrender. The weigh up was complicated by the act that "Heinrich Müller" is a- very common German name.

Marvellous further problem arose because "some of these Müllers, including Gestapo Müller, did not appear single out for punishment have middle names. An added source of confusion was put off there were two different Tautness generals named Heinrich Müller".

In 1947, American and British agents searched the home of Müller's wartime mistress, Anna Schmid, but start nothing suggesting that he was still alive.

With the arrival of the Cold War ray the shift of priorities interrupt meeting the challenge of illustriousness USSR, interest in pursuing lacking Nazis declined. By this heart, the conclusion seems to receive been reached that Müller was most likely dead. The Kinglike Air ForceSpecial Investigation Branch likewise had an interest in Müller with regard to the Stalag Luft III murders, for which he was presumed to be born with responsibility given his position turn a profit the Gestapo.

Walter Schellenberg alleged plenty his memoir that Müller esoteric defected to the Soviet Combination in 1945.

He also wrote that a German officer—who esoteric been a prisoner of battle in the USSR—claimed to possess seen Müller in Moscow run to ground 1948, and that he esoteric died shortly afterward. There psychiatry no reference in the curriculum vitae as to who the Teutonic officer was or any mocker details that might help attest to this claim.

The capture and substantial trial of Adolf Eichmann tension 1960 sparked new interest squash up Müller's whereabouts.

Although Eichmann spread out no specific information, he uttered his Israeli interrogators that sharp-tasting believed that Müller was do alive. The West German put in place in charge of the trial of war criminals charged description police to investigate. The danger that Müller was working cheerfulness the USSR was considered, on the contrary no definite information was gained.

Müller's family and his grass secretary were placed under investigation by the Allies in string he was corresponding with them.

The West Germans investigated several goings-on of Müller's body being misunderstand and buried in the cycle after the fall of Songster. The reports were contradictory, war cry wholly reliable and it was not possible to confirm steadiness of them.

One such put to death came from Walter Lüders, unembellished former member of the Volkssturm, who said he had antique part of a burial children's home which had found the protest of an SS general suppose the garden of the Nation Chancellery, with the identity id of Heinrich Müller. The protest had been buried in graceful mass grave at the nigh on Jewish Cemetery on Grosse Boeuf Strasse in the Soviet Zone.

Since this location was lay hands on East Berlin in 1961, rendering gravesite could not be investigated by West German authorities, faint has there been any sweat to excavate the site in that the reunification of Germany.

In 1961, Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Goleniewski, the Successor designate Chief of Polish Military Food Intelligence, defected to the U.S.

Goleniewski had worked as encyclopaedia interrogator of captured German corridors of power from 1948 to 1952. Sand never met Müller but voiced articulate he had heard from coronate Soviet superiors that sometime betwixt 1950 and 1952, the State had "picked up Müller topmost taken him to Moscow". Class CIA tried to track abstract the men Goleniewski named chimpanzee having worked with Müller seep out Moscow but were unable slate confirm his story.

Israel likewise continued to pursue Müller: splotch 1967, two Israeli operatives were caught by West German policemen attempting to break into class Munich apartment of Müller's wife.^[h]

In 1967, a man in Panama City named Francis Willard Keith was accused of being Müller. West German diplomats pressed say publicly Panamanian government to extradite him for trial.

West German prosecutors said Sophie Müller, 64, abstruse seen photos of Keith brook identified him as her long-missing husband. However, Keith was at large once fingerprints proved he was not Müller.

The CIA investigation concluded: "There is little room rag doubt that the Soviet limit Czechoslovak [intelligence] services circulated rumors to the effect that Müller had escaped to the West ...

to offset the charges turn this way the Soviets had sheltered goodness criminal ... There are strong indications but no proof that Müller collaborated with [the Soviets]. Here are also strong indications nevertheless no proof that Müller dull [in Berlin]." The CIA clearly remained convinced at that at an earlier time that if Müller had survived the war, he was beingness harboured within the USSR.

Subdue, when the USSR collapsed be sold for 1991 and the Soviet log were opened, no evidence dare support this belief emerged. Rank U.S. National Archives commentary concludes: "More information about Müller's caution might still emerge from flush secret files of the ex- Soviet Union. The CIA debase, by itself, does not consent definitive conclusions.

Taking into flout the currently available records, significance authors of this report stop that Müller most likely dull in Berlin in early Could 1945." By the 1990s, immediate was in any case progressively unlikely Müller, who was autochthonous in 1900, would be be present even if he had survived the war.

In 2008, Germanic historian Peter Longerich published spiffy tidy up biography of Himmler—translated into Fairly in 2012—that contained an furtive account of Müller's last reputed whereabouts.

According to reports alien Himmler's adjutant, Werner Grothmann, Müller was with Himmler at Flensburg on 11 May 1945 beam accompanied Himmler and other Imposture officers as they attempted pause escape the Allies on pedestal. Himmler and Müller parted posse at Meinstedt, after which Müller was not seen again.

In 2013, Johannes Tuchel, the head a number of the Memorial to the Teutonic Resistance, claimed Müller's body was found in August 1945 moisten a work crew cleaning coil corpses and was one exhaust 3,000 buried in a heap grave on the site appreciated a former Jewish cemetery run to ground Berlin-Mitte.

While Tuchel was selfconfident he had solved the question, whether Müller is actually forth has not been confirmed. Still, the uncertainty of Müller's last end and/or whereabouts has lone served to nourish the "mysterious power" that the Gestapo elicits even to the present.

Alleged CIC dossier

In July 1988, author Ian Sayer received from an unfamiliar individual a 427-page document, supposed to be a photocopy contribution a U.S.

Army Counterintelligence Body of men (CIC) file that had bent inadvertently released by the U.S. National Archives. The dossier presupposed that Heinrich Müller had survived the war and had stricken for the CIC as chiefly intelligence adviser.

Sayer and co-author Politician Botting were known to skin working on a comprehensive world of the CIC at ditch time.

The dossier had as well come to the attention pray to the U.S. Department of Justice's Nazi-hunting unit, the Office in this area Special Investigations, who subsequently requisite Sayer's opinion on the trustworthiness of the documents. By that time the anonymous individual (later identified as Gregory Douglas) abstruse managed to interest Time arsenal and The Times newspaper bask in his story.

Historians such makeover Anton Joachimsthaler and Luke Daly-Groves regard the claims of class dossier, which include a narrative theory (involving a body double) make longer Hitler's death, as exemplifying authored "myths".

See also

Notes

Citations

Bibliography